[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/historie-a-vyvoj-internetu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/historie-a-vyvoj-internetu\/","headline":"Historie a v\u00fdvoj internetu","name":"Historie a v\u00fdvoj internetu","description":"Nejd\u0159\u00edve trochu historie Historick\u00fdm p\u0159edkem internetu byla telegrafn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pro komunikaci, z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na rozvoji \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v Evrop\u011b a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. P\u0159edch\u016fdce internetu se za\u010dal vyv\u00edjet po vzniku prvn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Byla to doba tzv. s\u00e1lov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a s jejich velikost\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el i probl\u00e9m v p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dat mezi sebou. Internet, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me dnes, vznikl na […]","datePublished":"2019-08-26","dateModified":"2023-05-19","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a414941ff2b86a79f1a70a433f21d60df00047fefe742a46b6fded139881a475?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a414941ff2b86a79f1a70a433f21d60df00047fefe742a46b6fded139881a475?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"abiti.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a354051_w3202_t1568540773.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a354051_w3202_t1568540773.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/historie-a-vyvoj-internetu\/","about":["Internet"],"wordCount":697,"articleBody":"Nejd\u0159\u00edve trochu historie\tHistorick\u00fdm p\u0159edkem internetu byla telegrafn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 pro komunikaci, z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na rozvoji \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b v Evrop\u011b a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. P\u0159edch\u016fdce internetu se za\u010dal vyv\u00edjet po vzniku prvn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Byla to doba tzv. s\u00e1lov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f a s jejich velikost\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el i probl\u00e9m v p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dat mezi sebou.\t\tInternet, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1me dnes, vznikl na za\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm propojen\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a byl ur\u010den pouze pro univerzity a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b. O jeho financov\u00e1n\u00ed se od po\u010d\u00e1tku staralo ministerstvo obrany USA a Civiln\u00ed grantov\u00e1 agentura (NSF – National Science Foundation). V pr\u016fb\u011bhu 80. a 90. let vznikali prvn\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 slu\u017eeb internetu a dat pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.\tRychl\u00fd v\u00fdvoj\tK obrovsk\u00e9mu rozvoji internetu do\u0161lo v polovin\u011b 90. let a s t\u00edm je spojen\u00fd vznik prvn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 dnes bereme jako samoz\u0159ejmost (elektronick\u00e1 po\u0161ta, video hovory, diskuzn\u00ed f\u00f3ra a blogy, webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b apod.).\tK internetu se lze p\u0159ipojit n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby. Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159\u00edklad o pevn\u00e9 telefonn\u00ed linky, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed kabelov\u011b i bezdr\u00e1tov\u011b (satelitn\u00ed a mobiln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b a wi-fi).\t\tV\u00fdvoj po\u010dtu p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch dat\t·         1993    1 % informac\u00ed\t·         2000    51 % informac\u00ed\t·         2007    97 % informac\u00ed\tV\u00fdvoj po\u010dtu u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu\t·         1987    vznik pojmu Internet, p\u0159ipojeno 27 000 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f\t·         1996    55 milion\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f\t·         2005    900 milion\u016f u\u017eivatel\u016f\t·         2009    1,8 miliard u\u017eivatel\u016f\t·         2010    p\u0159es 2 miliardy u\u017eivatel\u016f\t·         2015    3 miliardy u\u017eivatel\u016f\t·         2018    necel\u00e9 4 miliardy u\u017eivatel\u016f\tCo \u010cesk\u00e1 republika?\tU n\u00e1s do\u0161lo k prvn\u00edmu p\u0159ipojen\u00ed na internet a\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let, a to odborn\u00edky z Fakulty elektrotechniky \u010cVUT v Praze – Dejvic\u00edch s pomoc\u00ed jednoho s\u00e1lov\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de p\u0159es pronajatou pevnou linku do Lince. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1l celosv\u011btov\u00fd internet asi na 730 tis\u00edc\u00edch s\u00e1lov\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly propojeny do 4 500 s\u00edt\u00ed.\tRychlost p\u0159ipojen\u00ed byla kolem 9,6 kb\/s, co\u017e je nap\u0159\u00edklad asi 1 000x m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dnes maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 doma \u010di v pr\u00e1ci. Brzy na to do\u0161lo k nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed rychlosti na 19,2 kb\/s. Pozd\u011bji byly propojeny n\u00e1rodn\u00ed univerzity s Akademi\u00ed v\u011bd \u010cR pomoc\u00ed nov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b CESNET. Rychlost internetu vzrostla na 64 kb\/s. V polovin\u011b 90. let se rychlost dok\u00e1zala vy\u0161plhat na 128 kb\/s. Jednalo se o linky hlavn\u011b mezi Prahou, Brnem, Ostravou, Olomouc\u00ed, Libercem a V\u00eddn\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad linka z Prahy do Amsterodamu fungovala rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 512 kb\/s.\tV roce 1997 byly z\u0159\u00edzeny linky z Prahy do Mnichova a Stockholmu o rychlosti a\u017e 2 Mb\/s. Pot\u00e9 se objevily i rychlosti 34 Mb\/s a\u017e 155 Mb\/s. V roce 2000 nastal zlom, kdy byla testov\u00e1na rychlost p\u0159ipojen\u00ed 2,5 Gb\/s. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 rychlost p\u0159ipojen\u00ed se sv\u011btov\u00fdm internetem 10-30 Gb\/s a na\u0161e nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed linky jsou p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 i na p\u0159enosy o rychlosti 100 Gb\/s.\tV\u00fdvoj po\u010dtu u\u017eivatel\u016f internetu v \u010cR\tV roce 1995 vyu\u017e\u00edvalo internet asi 150 000 obyvatel, pro rok 2000 jich byl u\u017e 1 milion. V roce 2008 vyu\u017e\u00edvalo internet 5 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, za rok 2018 to bylo milion\u016f 7.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.8\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Historie a v\u00fdvoj internetu","item":"https:\/\/www.abiti.cz\/historie-a-vyvoj-internetu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]